![]() ![]() By tradition, the chief of the Bear Clan was the principal leader of the tribes. Each clan had a leader, and together the clan chiefs formed a tribal council. Tribal members had exogamous marriage practices young people had to marry outside their clan. Their joined society was patrilineal and comprised seven to ten clans, each with distinct assigned responsibilities. In the 19th century, the Missouria and the Otoe established permanent villages consisting primarily of earth lodges, but also occasionally tipis and bark lodges. In 1796, some surviving Missouria joined the Osage and Kaw tribes, while 80 Missouria joined the Otoe. They also lost people to frequent warfare with enemies, such as the Sac and Fox. ![]() This are was later set aside for them as the Otoe Reservation.ĭuring the 18th century the Missouria people suffered from epidemics of new infectious diseases, especially smallpox, which killed many in the tribe. After contact and continued pressure by European-Americans, they migrated to the territory of later Nebraska, settling near the Platte River. In 1700, Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville wrote that the Otoe and the Iowa lived with the Omaha tribe in territory to the west of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. ![]() Jacques Marquette, the French explorer, included them on a 1673 map, placing the Otoe near the Des Moines and upper Iowa rivers. They first came into contact with Europeans in late 17th century. Meanwhile, the Otoe settled along what is now the Iowa– Minnesota border. ![]()
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